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"Sizing and Selecting Standby Generators"
On-site generators are of growing interest to many customers, from homeowners to larger key accounts. Power suppliers need to understand essential concepts of generators, including sizing procedures, advantages of each fuel type, and options for switchgear. Knowing each step in sizing the generator is critical, particularly the effect that motors and their start-up current have on the generator. A complete discussion of transfer switches is provided, using common examples of manual vs. automatic start applications. More advanced arrangements for interconnection with the grid are explained, including parallel generation and other interconnect issues. This is non-biased training that delivers “application-oriented” knowledge on all aspects of a good installation.

Introduction:
Why generators are gaining importance
Increasing involvement from power suppliers
New customer concerns about reliabilty; utility programs for peak demand managment
Input on your specific interests
Review of handout materials
Different Kinds of Generators:
Small portable generators
Answering consumers most important questions
Tractor-driven generators
Larger gensets for commercial loads
Picking your fuel (propane, natural gas, diesel, gasoline)
How engine type and fuel choice affects costs
Controls, Features & Monitors:
Standard features to look for
Voltage/current monitors (relays, solid-state microprocessors)
Controller specifications (NFPA Level 1 & 2)
Battery chargers, enclosures, silencers
Interpreting generator nameplates
Ratings (prime, standby & continuous)
Alarm systems on the market
Sizing It Right: :
Sizing is much more than adding up watts
How to pick critical loads
Should I power everything?
A review of motors (motor types, starting characteristics & design letters)
Horsepower vs. running kW
NEMA code letters tell us starting needs
Reading motor nameplates
Finding the inrush current
Non-linear loads (UPS systems, variable frequency drives, etc.)
Typical residential & small load sizing examples
An agricultural load example
Examples for bigger businesses
Planning The Installation:
Outside or inside the building?
Airflow requirements & methods
Exhaust mechanisms
Fuel systems & tanks
Noise control methods
Appearance and aesthetics are very important
The Transfer Switch:
What it is, why we need it, and how big
Automatic vs. manual
Double interlocked breaker switch, double throw, contactor
Typical costs of manual & automatic switches
Popular features (automatic exercisor, load sequencing, remote monitoring)
Code Requirements:
National Electrical Code (NFPA70) requirements
Understanding NFPA 110 and NFPA 99
Compliance with grounding requirements
Interconnected power sources
Other code-related matters & resources
Developing A Utility Standby Program:
A new link to maintaining a customer
Advantages in load management
Major considerations & components of a good program
Determining the minimum generator size to participate
Other distributed generation options (microturbines, fuel cells, flywheels, etc.)
 
     
 
Rural Electricity Resource Council (formerly National Food and Energy Council)
Wilmington, Ohio